Sanchit Gurukul

Serving Information Simply

Time to Read

3 minutes

Latest Vulnerability

https://nvd.nist.gov

  • What is Active FTP?

    Active FTP is a mode of FTP connections where the client initiates the control connection, but the server actively establishes the data connection back to the client. This can cause issues with firewalls and NAT devices. In this mode, the server opens a port for the data connection. Passive FTP alleviates these issues by having…

  • What is SFTP?

    SFTP, or SSH File Transfer Protocol, provides secure file transfer between client and server. It encrypts all data and commands using SSH for enhanced security. SFTP supports various authentication methods, is platform-independent, and enables secure file operations. It offers stronger security and firewall compatibility compared to traditional FTP, making it suitable for sensitive data transfer.

  • What is FTP?

    FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard network protocol for transferring files between a client and a server. It operates in two modes, supports various commands, and offers authentication through usernames and passwords. While FTP lacks encryption, it is commonly used for web server management, file sharing, backup, software distribution, and automated file transfer.

  • What is TFTP?

    TFTP, or Trivial File Transfer Protocol, is a simple and lightweight protocol used for transferring small files over a network. It operates on UDP port 69 and lacks advanced security features found in other protocols like FTP. TFTP is commonly used for tasks like network booting, firmware updates, and configuration management due to its simplicity…

  • What is SSH (Secure Shell) ?

    SSH, or Secure Shell, is a cryptographic network protocol enabling secure remote login, command execution, and file transfer over untrusted networks. It replaces less secure protocols like Telnet, encrypts communication, supports various authentication methods, and facilitates secure tunneling and VPN-like connections. SSH is vital for secure system administration and remote access.

  • What is Inter-VLAN Routing ?

    Inter-VLAN routing facilitates communication between different VLANs in a network, enhancing security and performance. It can be implemented using routers or Layer 3 switches, involving VLAN and routing protocol configuration. While offering benefits like improved security and performance, it requires careful consideration of complexities and hardware requirements during network setup.

  • What is HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)?

    HTTP is a protocol for transmitting data on the web. It uses client-server architecture, request methods, status codes, and headers. Security measures like HTTPS are crucial.

  • What is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ?

    SMTP is a standard protocol enabling email transmission and delivery between clients and servers, vital for internet communication infrastructure.

  • What is NTP (Network Time Protocol) ?

    NTP is a protocol for synchronizing computer and network device clocks. It uses a hierarchical client-server architecture for accurate timekeeping.

  • What is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) ?

    SNMP is a vital protocol for managing network devices. It involves managed devices, SNMP agents, managers, and various management operations.

  • HTTP Status Codes

    HTTP status codes are crucial for web communication, indicating request outcomes for debugging, error handling, and redirects.

  • What is URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)?

    A URI is a string used to identify resources, comprising components like scheme, authority, path, query, and fragment.

  • What is URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

    A URL is a standardized address used to locate resources on the internet, comprising multiple components for access and identification.

  • What is EtherChannel or Port-Channel ?

    EtherChannel aggregates Ethernet links into a single high-bandwidth, fault-tolerant link, offering increased bandwidth, fault tolerance, and enhanced load balancing.

  • What is LACP ?

    Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) manages link aggregation between network devices, enabling bandwidth aggregation, load balancing, and fault tolerance.

  • What is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ?

    ICMP is vital for error reporting, network diagnostics, router discovery, and path MTU. Examples demonstrate its network operations and security.

  • What is Syslog Server ?

    Syslog is a standardized protocol for message logging and event notification in computer networks, enabling centralized storage, analysis, and monitoring.

  • What is DTP (Dynamic Trunking Protocol)?

    Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) automates trunk link negotiation and establishment between Cisco switches, reducing administrative overhead and simplifying configuration.

  • What is VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) ?

    VTP, or VLAN Trunking Protocol, is a Cisco proprietary protocol enabling automatic synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches.

  • Differences Between Tagged and Untagged VLAN

    Tagged VLANs carry traffic for multiple VLANs over trunk ports, while untagged VLANs provide connectivity for devices within a single VLAN over access ports.

  • Differences Between Access and Trunk Port

    Access ports connect end-user devices to a single VLAN, while trunk ports interconnect devices and carry traffic for multiple VLANs.

  • Different Types of HTTP Versions ?

    HTTP has evolved from simple to complex, with improvements in performance, security, and functionality in versions like 1.1, 2, and 3.

  • What is Firewall ?

    A network firewall monitors and filters network traffic to protect against cyber threats. It includes packet filtering, stateful inspection, and VPN support.

  • What is Access ports in VLAN?

    Access ports in VLANs carry traffic for a single VLAN, connecting end-user devices and providing VLAN isolation and network segmentation.

  • What is Trunk ?

    A trunk in networking carries multiple VLANs, enabling efficient communication, simplified design, scalability, and flexibility in network management.

  • What is Dot1Q ?

    IEEE 802.1Q standard enables VLANs, creating virtual LANs within a physical network for improved traffic management and network segmentation.

  • Differences between ISL and dot1q

    ISL and IEEE 802.1Q are VLAN tagging methods in Ethernet networks. ISL is Cisco’s proprietary protocol, 802.1Q is an open standard.

  • Diffrence Types of VLANs

    VLANs categorize into types: Port-Based, 802.1Q, Protocol-Based, MAC Address-Based, and Private. Each serves specific purposes in network management.

  • What is a loopback Interface

    Loopback interfaces are virtual interfaces allowing a device to communicate with itself, commonly used for testing network applications.

  • How to Configure Interface in Ubuntu Server

    To set up network interfaces and IP addresses on Ubuntu Linux using netplan, first find and edit the configuration file. Apply and verify changes.

  • What is Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)?

    VLANs create virtual networks within a physical network, improving security, performance, and manageability through logical segmentation and tagging.

  • What is “nslookup”?

    The nslookup command-line tool queries DNS servers to obtain domain name or IP address information, aiding in DNS troubleshooting.

  • How to use dig Command

    dig is a powerful command-line tool for querying DNS servers, offering various options to customize queries and obtain detailed DNS data.

  • What is Dig?

    dig is a command-line tool for DNS queries on Unix-like systems, supporting various query types and advanced features.

  • DNS Zone Template in Detail

    A DNS zone template simplifies creating and managing DNS zones, providing standardized configurations and enabling efficient customization and implementation.

  • How to Configure Bind on Linux

    Configuring BIND involves installing, setting up configuration files, defining zones, creating zone files, starting the service, testing configuration, firewall configuration, and logging. Detailed Ubuntu examples are provided, including steps for installation, basic configuration, zone configuration, creating zone files, restarting BIND, validation, and testing BIND functionality.

  • Different Types of DNS Records

    DNS records store information about domain names. Common types include A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, PTR, SOA, SRV, and CAA records.

  • What is Authoritative DNS Server?

    Authoritative DNS servers hold and provide accurate DNS records for specific domains, ensuring reliable internet access using domain names.

  • What is Recursive DNS Server?

    A recursive DNS server performs DNS resolution for client devices by querying other DNS servers and caching responses for efficiency.

  • What is DNS (Domain Name System)?

    The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, facilitating internet connectivity. Its hierarchical structure involves root, top-level domain, authoritative, and recursive servers. DNS records store domain information, and DNSSEC adds security through cryptographic authentication. DNS enables reliable and secure name resolution, essential for navigating the internet and accessing online resources.

  • What is DNS Bind?

    DNS BIND, or BIND, is an open-source implementation of the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol, crucial for translating domain names to IP addresses. Operating as a server and resolver, BIND manages DNS zones, supports DNSSEC for security, enables high availability, and offers flexible configuration options. Its robust features make it a popular choice for internet…

  • How TLS Works

    Transport Layer Security (TLS) establishes a secure communication channel between two parties over an insecure network. The TLS handshake protocol initiates the secure connection, involving client and server authentication and session key generation. Once established, data transfer is encrypted, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Terminating the connection involves close_notify messages for confirmation.

  • Differences between SSL and TLS

    SSL and TLS are cryptographic protocols for secure internet communication. TLS is the modern, more secure successor to SSL.

  • Different Types of TLS Versions

    The TLS protocol has evolved through versions, with TLS 1.3 being the most secure and widely adopted.

  • What is TLS (Transport Layer Security) ?

    TLS ensures secure communication with encryption, authentication, and integrity, supporting internet protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and IMAP.

  • What is Intermediate Certificate ?

    Summary: Intermediate certificates bridge root and end-entity certificates for SSL/TLS security.

  • How to Request a SSL Certificate

    Requesting an SSL certificate involves CSR generation, submission, verification, and installation.

  • What is Root Certificate?

    A Root Certificate is a trust anchor for SSL/TLS certificates.

  • Who are Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) ?

    Trusted Certificate Authorities issue SSL/TLS certificates, including Let’s Encrypt, DigiCert, Comodo CA, GlobalSign, Entrust, GoDaddy, and Thawte.

  • What is CSR (Certificate Signing Request)?

    A CSR is a file a website owner generates to request an SSL certificate from a CA.

  • How SSL (Secure Soket Layer) Works or SSL Handshake

    SSL establishes a secure, encrypted connection using a handshake, authenticating the server and securing data exchange between client and server.

  • What is SSL (Secure Socket Layer) ?

    SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer, ensures secure internet communication through encryption, authentication, and data integrity, crucial for online security.

  • Advance Options of NMAP

    nmap offers customizable scans with options like host discovery, port scanning, service version detection, and more.

  • What is NMAP (Network Mapper)?

    nmap is an open-source network exploration and security auditing tool. It discovers hosts, open ports, and services within a network, providing valuable information for network administrators, security professionals, and ethical hackers. With features like host discovery, port scanning, service version detection, and NSE scripting engine, nmap is essential for network reconnaissance and security assessment. Ethical…

  • How to use TCPdump

    tcpdump is a widely used packet analyzer for Unix systems. It captures, displays, and analyzes network packets in real-time or for later analysis. Its features include packet capture, display, filtering, promiscuous mode, and commonly used options like interface specification and data printing. The tool is essential for network administration, security, and troubleshooting.

  • What is UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall)?

    UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a user-friendly CLI for managing iptables on Linux. It simplifies firewall configuration and offers application profiles and port management.

  • How to use iptables

    The iptables command offers extensive options for configuring firewall rules on Linux, including append, insert, delete, list, flush, policy, and more.

  • What is iptables ?

    iptables is a powerful tool for configuring the Linux kernel’s netfilter firewall, enabling packet filtering, address translation, and more.

  • How to use cURL Command

    The command-line tool “curl” is a versatile option for making HTTP requests. It offers various functionalities such as making GET requests, specifying HTTP methods, sending data with POST requests, including custom headers, following redirects, saving output to a file, handling cookies, and more. This tool empowers users to interact with different protocols.

  • cURL (Client for URLs):

    cURL is a versatile command-line tool and library for transferring data with support for various protocols. Its features include handling data transfer, authentication, and custom headers. Common uses include making HTTP requests, transferring files, API testing, automation, and network troubleshooting. cURL’s flexibility and extensive protocol support make it a popular choice for internet-related tasks.

  • How To Configure the Apache Web Server on an Ubuntu

    How to create and host apache website on linux/ubuntu

  • How to enable HTTP/2 in Apache Linux

    How to enable HTTP2 for Ubuntu Apache2 website

  • How to generate SSL certificate in Linux (Ubuntu)

    How to Enable SSL website and Certificate on Apache2 (Ubuntu).

  • How to install Apache on Ubuntu

    How to install Apache2 application on Ubuntu Linux server

  • How To install Ubuntu Linux Operating System on EVE-NG

    Download the latest ubuntu Desktop or Server Image from the Ubuntu website https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop Login to EVE-NG using WinSCP and go to below folder /opt/unetlab/addons/qemu Create a new folder under EVE-NG and upload the same iso image. Once iso image uploaded please rename it with cdrom.iso mv imagename.iso cdrom.iso Create a new disk to install the…

  • How to Install Ubuntu OS on VM

    Select try or install Ubuntu It will load the ubuntu files Select Install Ubuntu Select keyboard type Select normal installation, select download update while installing ubuntu if you have DHCP server and your node is connected to Internet.   Erase disk and install Ubuntu – This option will erase all existing data from disk and…

  • Cisco ASA Firewall Firmware Upgrade Process

    Before upgrading the ASA, you should perform the following preparation: Check compatibility between different versions of operating systems; for example, make sure that the ASA version is compatible with the ASA Firepower module version. Check the upgrade path for the current version to the target version; ensure you plan for any intermediate versions required for…

  • F5 – BIGIP First Time Setup and License Activation – Video

    F5 – BIGIP First Time Setup and License Activation

  • Checkpoint – First Time Installation

    Checkpoint Firewall – First Time Installation on VM

  • EVE-NG Pro Cluster Configuration

    EVE-NG Pro Cluster Configuration

  • EVE-NG Pro Installation and License

    EVE-NG Pro Installation and License update

  • F5 – First Time Installation and License Activation

    F5 – First Time Installation and License Activation

  • What is MSS (Maximum Segment Size)?

    MSS (maximum segment size) limits the size of packets, or small chunks of data, that travel across a network, such as the Internet. All data that travels over a network is broken up into packets. Packets have several headers attached to them that contain information about their contents and destination. MSS measures the non-header portion…

  • What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?

    What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?

  • What is IP (Internet Protocol)?

    What is IP (Internet Protocol)?

  • TCP 3 WAY HANDSHAKE

    TCP 3 WAY HANDSHAKE

  • Check Point R80 – How to backup and restore firewall configuration

    Check Point backup feature allows backing up the configuration of the Gaia OS and of the Security Management server database, or restoring a previously save configuration. The configuration is saved to a .tgz format in the following directory of the firewall. /var/log/CPbackup/backups/ Note: Backups can be stored locally, or remotely on a TFTP / SCP…

  • The OSI Model

    The OSI Model explained video

  • Check Point R80.20 – How to configure Cluster firewalls – First Time setup

    Check Point R80.20 – How to configure Cluster firewalls – First Time setup

  • Check Point R80.20 – How to Install Standalone Firewall

    Check Point R80.20 – How to Install Standalone Firewall

Categories

Sanchit Agrawal

Blog Author